On January 15, 1945, by the order of the People's Commissariat of Health of the Ukrainian SSR No. 713, the Department of Neurosurgery was organized at the Kyiv Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians on the basis of the neurosurgical clinic of the Kyiv Psychoneurological Institute, which was reorganized in 1950 into the Kyiv Institute of Neurosurgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The first head of the Department of Neurosurgery was academician Oleksandr Arutyunov. In 1954-1955, the duties of the Head of the Department were temporarily performed by Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Andriy Petrovych Romodanov.
For a long time, the department was headed by Professor Georgy Panasovych Pedachenko. Since 1993, the department of neurosurgery has been headed by the corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, professor, honored worker of science and technology of Ukraine, laureate of the state prize in the field of science and technology Mykola Efremovich Polishchuk.
The structural unit is located on the basis of the State Institution “Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery” of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.
The Department is a training base for medical students, undergraduates, postgraduates, and residents in the specialty of Neurosurgery.
The scientific work of the department is carried out in cooperation with the staff of the Romodanov Institute of Neurosurgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.
Main directions of scientific work of the department: diagnostics and treatment of surgical pathology of cerebral vessels, neurosurgical diagnostics of tumors and traumatic brain injuries, surgical treatment of intracranial hematomas and brain contusions, neurosurgical diagnostics and treatment of spinal cord and spinal cord pathology, combined and multiple CNS trauma, studying the peculiarities of traumatic brain injury in patients of different ages, as well as in alcohol intoxication and somatic pathology, organization of emergency neurosurgical care, intensive care and anesthesia in neurosurgery, pain syndromes in neurology and neurosurgery, spinal cord tumors, combat injuries of the nervous system
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